Work out everyday percent problems: what is X% of Y, X is what percent of Y, X is Y% of what, percentage change between two numbers, and increase or decrease a value by a percent.
Formula
The core relationship is:
P × V1 = V2
P is the percent as a decimal (20% → 0.20), V1 is the original value, and V2 is the result. Rearrange to solve for any one of the three.
Percentage change compares a new value to a start:
change % = (new − start) ÷ start × 100
Increase / decrease applies a percent to a single number:
increased = value × (1 + P)
decreased = value × (1 − P)
A 10% decrease followed by a 10% increase does not return to the start — you end below the original because the increase is applied to a smaller base.
Examples
What is 20% of 50
0.20 × 50 = 10.
500 increased by 10%
500 × 1.10 = 550. Decreased by 10% is 500 × 0.90 = 450.